https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2020.003
Published: Kem. Ind. 69 (11-12) (2020) 603–610
Paper reference number: KUI-03/2020
Paper type: Original scientific paper
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Properties of Waste Polyamide Powder and Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites

D. Šubarić, A. Lončarević, Z. Buhin Šturlić and S. Lučić Blagojević

Abstract

The PA 2200 waste powder generated during selective laser sintering (SLS) process is an important environmental and economic problem. In order to test and modify the properties of the waste powder, nanocomposites based on polyamide matrix and TiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared in this work. Agglomerates of the TiO₂ nanofiller are visible on the SEM micrographs for the nanocomposite with 5 wt. % of the nanofiller (Fig. 1). The DSC analysis indicates an increase in crystallization temperature (T_c) by the addition of filler to the polymer matrix and it can be concluded that the TiO₂ nanoparticles represent the nucleation centres in the PA matrix (Fig. 2, Table 1). In systems with 4 and 5 wt. % TiO₂ crystallization enthalpy (ΔH_c) and melting enthalpy (ΔH_m) are higher than the values for the polyamide matrix (Table 1), indicating that the nanoparticles promote crystallization of the PA matrix. The results of TG analysis imply a positive effect of the TiO₂ nanoparticles on the onset of thermal decomposition, which is most pronounced in the system with 3 wt. % TiO₂ (Fig. 3, Table 2). As thermal degradation progresses further, the positive effect of the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles becomes less pronounced and finally becomes negative in the final stages, i.e. TiO₂ nanoparticles accelerate the degradation. The thermal conductivity values (λ) are slightly higher for the nanocomposites relative to the pure PA matrix (Fig. 4) due to the formation of a more ordered structure of the polymer matrix by the addition of TiO₂ and/or the formation of so-called conductive pathway. The results of the mechanical test indicate that the addition of TiO₂ nanofiller decreases the values of the secant modulus (E), while the values of the yield stress (σ_{2>yε2>y2 nanoparticles to the PA 2200 waste powder represents a useful approach for its reuse, thus improving the economic and environmental sustainability of the SLS process. The main disadvantage of the studied systems is the inconsistent mechanical properties at break. In future studies, this problem will be solved with adequate surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles.}

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Keywords

polyamide 2200, TiO2, nanocomposite, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties