https://doi.org/10.15255/KUI.2004.030
Published: Kem. Ind. 54 (7-8) (2005) 351–358
Paper reference number: KUI-30/2004
Paper type: Review
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Mechanochemical Organic Reactions without Use of Solvent

D. Margetić

Abstract

Environmental problems have encouraged chemists to develop chemical reactions, which are less harmful for environment. In this regard, “green” industrial processes have been designed, which produce less chemical waste or use less toxic chemicals. The important step forward is to replace organic solvents with water. Finally, chemical reactions conducted without a solvent are the most desirable from environmental point of view. Mechanochemical organic reactions without use of a solvent are a novel way of synthesis of organic compounds. In this paper, a review on the “Highspeed vibrational milling“ (HSVM) method, was given. Here, mechanical energy was used to facilitate chemical reaction by means of milling two reactants in high speed vibrational mill containing metal balls. Various groups of chemical reactions were successfully applied in fullerene chemistry, such as Diels-Alder and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, Reformatsky, Prato and Bingel reactions. Generally, HSVM method gives much better yields of fullerene products. Furthermore, in some cases reactions take different course, giving products which are different from the reactions conducted in organic solvents. Finally, several reactions of non-fullerene chemistry have been also reported, such as aromatic 1,2-diamine-1,2-dione condensations.

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Keywords

organic chemical reactions, “green“ chemistry, mechanochemical reactions